IP - National Energy Storage Summit

Chemical Energy Storage
(e.g. hydrogen, ammonia, reversible fuel cells)

Patent-pending hydrogen energy storage system for residential backup and fueling stations
ElektrikGreen, Inc. | elektrikgreen.com | Chris Allo, chris.allo@elektrikgreen.com
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Buildings

In-situ health monitoring of flow batteries: ultrasonic- and acoustic-based technologies for flow battery health.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | www.pnnl.gov | Daniel Deng, zhiqun.deng@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings, Other

High-efficiency reversible fuel cells to provide long-duration energy storage. Reversible fuel cells can produce hydrogen and electricity all in one unit, which significantly reduces system cost.
Power to Hydrogen (P2H2) | power-h2.com | Alex Zorniger, alexz@power-h2.com
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings

Modular Vapor Phase Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-040/ | Karl Walczak, kawalcz@sandia.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings

Solar Fuel Generator Including a Catalytic Mesh
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-020/ | Karl Walczak, kawalcz@sandia.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings

Graphene Oxide / Metal Nanocrystal Multilaminates for Safe, Selective Hydrogen Storage
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2015-017/ | Shaul Aloni, SAloni@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings Energy-Intense Industry

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Aqueous Batteries
(e.g. sodium ion, vanadium, metal-air, flow batteries)

All-vanadium redox flow battery based on supporting solutions containing chloride: A third generation VRFB for improved performance and temperature stability
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | https://www.pnnl.gov/available-technologies/all-vanadium-redox-flow-battery-based-supporting-solutions-containing | Wei Wang, wei.wang@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings

Fluorenone-based aqueous redox flow batteries: Common, low-cost organic compounds for stationary storage
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/compound-commonly-found-candles-lights-way-grid-scale-energy-storage | Xin Zhang, xin.zhang@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings

High-efficiency reversible fuel cells to provide long-duration energy storage. Reversible fuel cells can produce Fluorenone-based aqueous redox flow batteries: Common, low-cost organic compounds for stationary storage
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | David Reed, david.reed@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings, Other

In-situ health monitoring of flow batteries: ultrasonic- and acoustic-based technologies for flow battery health
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | https://www.pnnl.gov/available-technologies/situ-health-monitoring-flow-batteries | Daniel Deng, zhiqun.deng@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings, Other

All-Vanadium, Pure Sulfate Flow Battery Electrolytes and Cell Stacks: higher energy density, wide operating temperature, and stability for stationary storage
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | https://www.pnnl.gov/available-technologies/all-vanadium-pure-sulfate-redox-flow-battery-electrolytes-and-cell-stack | David Reed, david.reed@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings

Novel electrode-decoupled redox flow batteries for Long-duration energy storage
Washington University in St. Louis | https://tech.wustl.edu/tech-summary/low-cost-electrode-decoupled-redox-flow-batteries-for-grid-scale-energy-storage/ | Shrihari Sankarasubramanian, shrihari.sankarasubramanian@utsa.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid

Longer Cycle Life, Lower Cost All-Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-126/ | Brett Helms, BAHelms@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings Energy-Intense Industry

Cerium Hydrogen Redox Flow Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-051/ | Michael Tucker, mctucker@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings Energy-Intense Industry

Conductive Polymer Binders for Aqueous Processing of Battery Electrodes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/2018-087 | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Soluble Redox Mediators for Metal-Sulfur Batteries for Efficient Charge Transfer
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2014-148/ | Brett Helmsu, BAHelms@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings Energy-Intense Industry Resilience

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Non-Aqueous Batteries
(e.g. lithium ion, sodium ion, flow batteries)

Early detection of lithium plating on li-ion batteries
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/eYdN1RLlgzBG?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation

Electrochemical Separation and Recovery of Li from Li-ion Batteries and Brines
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/Bjxg5KEP7Jy1?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Other

Battery health sentry – rapid measurement of cell self-discharge and internal short circuit detection
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/Bjxg5KEP7Jy1?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience, Energy-Intense Industry

Low-cost production of silicon-based high-performance lithium-ion batteries: manufacturing-compatible silicon anode material and stable electrolyte for longer-range electric vehicles
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | Jason Zhang, jiguang.zhang@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation

Li-batt design app: design software that helps developers and researchers easily and rapidly design lithium-metal-based pouch cells
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | Allan Tuan, allan.tuan@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Other

Li-Batt Design App: Design software that helps developers and researchers easily and rapidly design lithium-metal-based pouch cells
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | https://www.pnnl.gov/technology/li-batt-design-app | Daniel Deng, zhiqun.deng@pnnl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Other

Organo-aluminum analytes for nonaqueous redox-flow batteries
University of California Davis | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01761 | Louise Berben, laberben@ucdavis.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience

Photo rechargeable lithium ion battery
University of California, Riverside | https://ucr.flintbox.com/technologies/ad71a247-834e-4063-97b1-bd6fd352f18a | Alfredo Martinez-Morales, alfmart@ece.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Buildings

Facile synthesis of Ni nanofoam architectures for application in lithium-ion batteries
University of California, Riverside | http://tinyurl.com/4kjzz9uu | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Silicon from waste glass for energy storage applications
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/8n6ta5hj | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Buildings

Scalable, binderless and carbonless hierarchical nano dendrite foam decorated for super capacitors
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/5ej7djwfj | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Buildings

Free-standing ni-nio nanofiber cloth anode for high capacity and high rate li-ion batteries
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/2p94mt2k | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: EEvolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Portobello mushroom based hierarchically porous carbon nanoribbons and architectures
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/y7swvmra | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Silicon nanofiber paper battery
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/5f33y6pu | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Solution processing of transition metal dichalcogenide thin films
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/2rxd3jnr | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience, Other

Porous silicon nano sphere battery
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/2p9fuj3u | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Hybrid nanostructured materials for rechargeable energy storage technologies
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/2djj8r5k | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Nanostructured ink material for electronic and energy storage devices and methods of making and using thereof
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/3kuaktts | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Hybrid approaches for enhanced energy storage devices and methods of making and using thereof
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/yvm3de6u | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

De novo graphene-based electrodes, ultracapacitors, batteries, biosensors, photovoltaic cells, hierarchical and layered
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/yc8r5s82 | Prof. Cengiz Ozkan, cozkan@engr.ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Low-temperature process to derive size and shape controlled li-ion anodes and cathodes
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/57ycf7je | Venkata Krishnamurty, venkatak@ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Method for producing high-efficiency thermal materials with graphene and metal fillers
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/57ycf7je | Venkata Krishnamurty, venkatak@ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Size and morphologically controlled lifepo4 materials and lithium metal phosphates for battery applications
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/2p8wt55p | Venkata Krishnamurty, venkatak@ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Biologically-inspired mediation of the size, shape and phase of metal oxide nanostructures
University of California, Riverside | https://tinyurl.com/vss56csc | Venkata Krishnamurty, venkatak@ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Method for Scalable Synthesis of Single-Crystal Lithium NMC Cathode Materials
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/method-for-scalable-synthesis-of-single-crystal-lithium-nmc-cathode-materials/| Guoying Chen, GChen@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Using SiO Anodes for High Capacity, High Rate Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/2014-113/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Overcharge Protection Prevents Exploding Lithium Ion Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3263/ | Guoying Chen, GChen@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Conductive Binder for Lithium Ion Battery Electrode, Silicon Composite Electrode for Advanced Lithium Ion Battery
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl26432890/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Novel High-Sulfur Utilization Electrolytes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/novel-high-sulfur-utilization-electrolytes-for-lithium-sulfur-batteries/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Low Cost Stabilizer to Improve Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-040/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Ant-Nest Electrode Structure for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-004/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Modified Metal Organic Framework (MOF) as a Solid Lithium Electrolyte for Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | h ttps://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3097/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Novel Conductive Polymer Binders for Next-generation Lithium Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/novel-conductive-polymer-binders-for-next-generation-lithium-batteries/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Mixed electrolyte for Li-S battery
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Simplified Electrode Formation using Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder (SLMP) Doping of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3241/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Lower Cost, Nanoporous Block Copolymer Battery Separator
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3024/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Novel Electrolyte Enables Stable Graphite Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2974/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Nonflammable, Controlled Delivery of Performance-improving SLMP Particles to Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2013-190/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Longer Life Lithium Ion Batteries with Silicon Anodes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2014-051/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Redox-Active Supramolecular Binders for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2016-080/ | Brett Helms, BAHelms@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Solid-State Batteries
(e.g. lithium metal)

Method to improve Li-S battery performance
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/AMx7BbRj7paO?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation

Engineered solid electrolyte interphase for lithium metal batteries
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/q9n7erOpN6mA?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation

Electromagnetic shielding systems for high power wireless charging
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/xjE7rnej73Ry?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation

Porous and structured electrodes for SSBs prepared by tape casting with LLZO
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/enabling-porous-ceramic-llzo-electrodes-for-solid-state-batteries-through-tapecasting/ | Mike Tucker, mctucker@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings, Energy-Intense Industry

Miscible Polymer Blend Electrolytes: A New Material for High-Performance, Safer Lithium and Solid State Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/miscible-polymer-blend-electrolytes-a-new-material-for-high-performance-safer-lithium-batteries/ | Nitash Balsara, WeiTong@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Layered/Rock Salt Intergrown Electrodes for Rechargeable Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/layered-rock-salt-intergrown-electrodes-for-rechargeable-batteries-2018-142/ | Wei Tong, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

High-energy Li-rich Cathodes for Increased Energy Efficiency in Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/high-energy -li-rich-cathodes-for-increased-energy-efficiency-in-batteries/ | Gerbrand Ceder, GCeder@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Electrode Structure Prepared by Tapecasting
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/electrode-structure-prepared-by-tapecasting/ | Michael Tucker, mctucker@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Enabling Porous Ceramic (LLZO) Electrodes for Solid State Batteries through Tapecasting
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/enabling-porous-ceramic-llzo-electrodes-for-solid-state-batteries-through-tapecasting/ | Michael Tucker, mctucker@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Nanostructured Organic-Inorganic Solid Electrolytes
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2018-067/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Block Copolymer Cathode Binder to Simultaneously Transport Electronic Charge and Ions
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3025/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Low Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Grid Storage and EV Battery
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3042/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Resilience

Mechanical Energy Storage
(e.g. pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, etc)

Non-air compressed gas-based energy storage and recovery system and method
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign / Ecotek Engineering USA, LLC | https://patents.google.com/patent/US10316825B2/en | Sebastiano Giardinella, sg00@illinois.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Resilience, Energy-Intense Industry, Other

Thermal Energy Storage
(e.g. high-temperature storage, ice and chilled water cooling)

Thermal Energy Storage System
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/thermal-energy-storage-system-2019-142/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid Buildings Energy-Intense Industry

Other

Advanced electrolyte model
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/KPxgzj85gB9L?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Resilience, Other

Electrochemical analytic diagnosis (eCAD)
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/lMAN4YyJgJro?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Other

Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage System
Idaho National Laboratory | https://inl.portals.in-part.com/j1BgAVPw0mp2?utm_source=technologies&utm_medium=portal&utm_term=latest | Ryan Bills, ryan.bills@inl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid

EV drive train and bidirectional buck boost charger
Navia Energy Inc. | http://www.naviaenergy.com | Babu Jain, babu.jain@naviaenergy.com
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Resilience, Buildings

Hybrid molecule nanocrystal photon up conversion
University of California, Riverside | https://ucr.flintbox.com/technologies/8cae6aa9-fdc4-448d-8ea3-9162340a8418 | Prof. Christopher Bardeen, christob@ucr.edu
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Transportation, Buildings, Other

Membrane-Electrode Structures for Low Cost Molecular Catalysts in Fuel Cells and Other Electrochemical Devices
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl3169/ | Adam Weber, AZWeber@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Buildings,Transportation, Resilience

Metal Current Collector Protected by Oxide Film
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl1656/ | Michael Tucker, mctucker@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Buildings,Transportation, Resilience

Dissolvable Crosslinked Polymer Binder for Battery Electrode Recycling
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/dissolvable-crosslinked-polymer-binder-for-battery-electrode-recycling/ | Gao Liu, gliu@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Transportation, Other

Water-retaining Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | https://ipo.lbl.gov/lbnl2416/ | Nitash Balsara, NPBalsara@lbl.gov
Energy Storage End Use Categories: Evolving Grid, Buildings,Transportation, Resilience

Chemical Energy Storage (e.g. hydrogen, ammonia, reversible fuel cells)

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Aqueous Batteries (e.g. sodium ion, vanadium, metal-air, flow batteries)

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Non-Aqueous Batteries (e.g. lithium ion, sodium ion, flow batteries)

Electrochemical Energy Storage — Solid-State Batteries (e.g. lithium metal)

Mechanical Energy Storage (e.g. pumped storage hydropower, compressed air energy storage, flywheels, etc)

Thermal Energy Storage (e.g. high-temperature storage, ice and chilled water cooling)